SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    211, 210, 209, 67, 25, 116, 213, 215, 226, 
    200, 154, 53, 52, 111, 82, 84, 228, 85, 
    88, 287, 315, 26, 35, 47, 81, 107, 109, 
    91, 92, 161, 188, 202
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00112

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "36.47"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "0.91"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 84,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.53",
              "eval_cost": "0.67",
              "prefix_cost": "20.20",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "pankajecarter_systemfour.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 3,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "9.07",
            "index_condition": "(`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (211,210,209,67,25,116,213,215,226,200,154,53,52,111,82,84,228,85,88,287,315,26,35,47,81,107,109,91,92,161,188,202))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.34",
              "eval_cost": "0.18",
              "prefix_cost": "35.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "14"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
25 195M
26 220M
35 220M
47 247M
52 202M
53 202M
67 236M
81 226M
82 246M
84 246M
85 246M
88 247M
91 227M
92 227M
107 227M
109 227M
111 243M
116 243M
154 181M
161 198M,199
188 213M
200 230M
202 230M
209 172M
210 172M
211 172M
213 201M
215 201M
226 201M
228 170M
287 242M
315 242M