SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    453, 454, 455, 450, 451, 452, 435, 439, 
    443, 430, 429, 428, 415, 416, 417, 418, 
    419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 
    403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00092

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "76.81"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
        "filtered": "19.63",
        "index_condition": "(`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (453,454,455,450,451,452,435,439,443,430,429,428,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "75.55",
          "eval_cost": "1.26",
          "prefix_cost": "76.81",
          "data_read_per_join": "150"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`pankajecarter_systemfour`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}